References

Adiguzel, T., Kaya, M. H., Bulut, M. A., Mete, S. E., & Nalkesen-Akin, Y. (2023). Integrating cognitive presence strategies: A professional development training for K–12 teachers. Contemporary Educational Technology, 15(2), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/12987

Blair, A., de Oliveira, L. C., & Avalos, M. A. (2024). Expanding teacher understanding of scaffolding for multilingual learners using a language-based approach to content instruction. TESOL in Context, 33(1), 76–93. https://doi.org/10.21153/tesol2024vol33no1art2008

CAST. (2024). Universal Design for Learning guidelines version 3.0. https://udlguidelines.cast.org

Chiu, T. K. F., Jong, M. S.-Y., & Mok, I. A. C. (2020). Does learner expertise matter when designing emotional multimedia for learners of primary school mathematics? Educational Technology Research and Development, 68, 2305–2320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-020-09775-4

Darling-Hammond, L., Flook, L., Cook-Harvey, C., Barron, B., & Osher, D. (2020). Implications for educational practice of the science of learning and development. Applied Developmental Science, 24(2), 97–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2018.1537791

Hernández, A. M., & Daoud, A. (2025). Relating preservice teacher’s bilingual teaching self-efficacy to lesson differentiation practices for multilingual learners. TESOL Journal, 16(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.902

Lane, J. M., & Kennedy, T. J. (2024). Braiding the ropes: Adding second or additional language acquisition to reading and writing metaphors. Education Sciences, 14(8), 901. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14080901

Louisiana Department of Education. (2024). Guidebooks 3.0 English language arts curriculum. https://www.louisianabelieves.com/resources/library/academic-content

Marzano, R. J. (2007). The art and science of teaching: A comprehensive framework for effective instruction. ASCD.

Relyea, J. E., Davis, D., Dobis, C., Huang, B., & Samuelson, C. (2025). Feasibility of the Knowledge, Language, and Inquiry (K.L.I.) intervention for multilingual English learners. Journal of Educational Research, 118(2), 131–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2024.2449035

UNESCO. (1996). Learning: The treasure within: Report to UNESCO of the International Commission on Education for the Twenty-first Century. UNESCO Publishing.

What Works Clearinghouse. (2012). Providing daily time for writing. U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences.

Zhu, M., Berri, S., & Zhang, K. (2021). Effective instructional strategies and technology use in blended learning: A case study. Education and Information Technologies, 26, 6143–6161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10544-w